Compassion for others,
specifically demonstrated through empathy and altruism, has physical and
mental health benefits for the giver.
According to a 2004 University of Chicago survey of over 1300 people,
women are more likely than men to feel empathy, and feelings of empathy
and altruism are unrelated to financial status. These finding may not
surprise you. What is surprising is that these feelings have measurable
benefits – not only for the receiver but for the giver.
Compassion Increases Immunity by Decreasing Stress
Cleveland, Ohio’s The Institute for Research on Unlimited Love
studies the benefits of altruism, which they define as “unselfish
benevolent love.” Recently, Esther M. Sternberg, a research professor
who authored The Balance Within: The Science Connecting Health and
Emotions, wrote a paper for The Institute. In it she examined
mechanisms by which altruistic love affects health, concluding that
caring may suppress disease activity and activate immune response.
Sternberg says that altruistic love may heal by decreasing or
stopping stress. This is important. The stress-state produces terrible
effects through both mind and body. The American Psychological
Association states that “psychologists have long known that stress
impacts our ability to fight infection.” During stress the brain
releases unhealthy chemicals and hormones. This affects our immune
cell’s operation, reducing their ability to fight infection and
inflammation.
Relaxation Rewards
Improved immunity is only the first benefit of altruism. Sternberg
says that “it is also possible that altruistic love might activate
certain aspects of the ‘relaxation response’ in addition to blocking
aspects of the stress response.” The relaxation response is the opposite
of the stress response. The stress response causes an increase in heart
rate, stress hormone, and blood pressure while slowing digestion. In
contrast, the relaxation response allows our heart rate, blood pressure,
digestion, and hormonal levels to return to normal.
Compassion and Pain Relief
The relaxation from altruistic acts also helps the body stop pain.
Allan Luks, the executive director of the Institute for the Advancement
of Health, coined the expression “helper’s high.” This feeling mirrors
the calm after a good workout. In the 1980s, while working as executive
director for New York’s Big Brothers/Big Sisters, Luks surveyed
thousands of volunteers about their experiences. From the results he
theorized that helping people creates pain-killing endorphins.
Since then, multiple studies have supported Luk’s hypothesis. One,
published in 1998, found that this helper’s high is healing. From two
surveys with a total of 1,746 participants, the Institute for the
Advancement of Health concluded that helping-induced relaxation was
linked to pain relief, particularly in stress-related disorders. These
include lupus, multiple sclerosis, voice loss, and headaches.
Helping Produces Good Feelings
The same surveys revealed that helping produces pleasant feelings and
sensations. A majority of participants described these as physical and
locatable. Half of the people writing about their experience described
feeling high, warm, and an increase in energy. This was most intense
during touching or listening to someone. Remarkably, a majority of the
study participants said these feelings would reoccur, although muted,
when they remembered helping.
Many other studies have similar conclusions. A 2003 New Zealand study
of 115 low-income older adults found that altruistic activity – in this
case volunteering with a federally subsidized delivery program –
predicted a positive mood. The effects of altruism on a happy mood are
well recognized throughout the medical world. Dr. Kathleen Hall, a world
renowned expert in stress and founder of The Stress Institute, says that
“altruism creates a physiological responses or ‘helper’s high’ that
makes people feel stronger and more energetic and counters harmful
effects of stress.”
Overall Mental Health
The combination of positive feelings and increased energy are
conducive to overall mental health. This isn’t just self-evident; it’s
been studied. A 2003 study published in the journal Psychosomatic
Medicine found that churchgoers who providing compassion, love,
caring, and support to others had better mental health than those who
receiving their care. Study researcher Carolyn Schwartz, ScD of the
University of Massachusetts Medical School explained: “The act of giving
to someone else may have mental-health benefits because the very nature
of focusing outside the self counters the self-focused nature of anxiety
or depression.” This outer-focus also leads to a change in how people
perceive their quality of life. In medical terms, changing how quality
of life is viewed is called “response shift.” “These shifts are
purported to lead to a renewed perspective on one’s life circumstances,
such as one’s illness, stressors, or personal loss,” says Schwartz.
However, she adds, compassion that leads to giving beyond your
resources is worse for mental health than not giving at all.
Compassion and Longevity
Stephanie Brown, evolutionary psychologist at the University of
Michigan, studied elderly people involved in giving. Her study profiled
423 elderly couples for five years. She found that people who provided
no help, either practical or emotional, were more than twice as likely
to die than their altruistic peers. In contrast, those who received help
had no longevity benefits. Helpees included friends, relatives, and
family. The results of other studies on altruism’s effect on mortality
are similar. In a study of 2,700 residents of Tecumseh, Michigan,
researchers found that men who volunteered in their community were
two-and-a-half times less likely to die than non-volunteering men.
Social Health
Luks, the man who coined the term “helper’s high,” says that the
pleasure of altruism mostly comes from being with others, noting that
donating money doesn’t create the same results. Connecting with others
is an aspect of altruism that is healthy on its own. The Stress
Institute’s founder Dr. Kathleen Hall states: “Friendships are strong
indicators of mental, physical, and spiritual health. Friendship is not
a luxury, but is essential to work-life balance and your health. Studies
show that isolation decreases immune functioning and increases mortality
risk.”
Spiritual Health
Dr. Hall mentioned spiritual health as an indicator of overall
health, and it is. Altruism can work without spirituality, but
spirituality cannot work without altruism. Altruism is involved in every
moral religion and spirituality. Its health benefits are a wonderful
ripple effect.
Deepening our spiritual and/or religious life includes developing
altruism. In Transforming the Mind (2000, Thorsons) His
Holiness the Dalai Lama explains that since we are all interconnected,
it makes sense to shift our focus outwards. “If you shift your focus
from yourself to others, extend your concern to others, and cultivate
the thought of caring for the well-being of others, then this will have
the immediate effect of opening up your life and helping you to reach
out,” he writes.
The scholarly world echoes His Holiness’s view. Deborah R. Rhode,
director for the Stanford Center on Ethics states: “For many
individuals, charitable assistance is thus a way to express deeply felt
values. Volunteers often attribute their contributions to desires to
create a better society and to express religious beliefs or ethical
principles such as commitment to civil liberties or racial equality.”
Participating in a meaningful goal, connecting with others, and
making a difference are wonderful reasons for giving our time and care.
As long as it is a labor of love and not just labor, we will absorb the
benefits. If we have less pain, stress, and disease, it is earned. And
if in the process we live longer, it is more time for others, not just
ourselves.
Galina Pembroke was a writer who lived in British
Columbia, Canada and specialized in health. This article was published
in 2006 and she passed away three years later, at
age 34.
